How banks can stay relevant, not relics: Lessons from BNY & Citi

    Old Guard, New Rules: Who’s keeping up?


    Big banks are playing offense. Fintech competition, tech leaps, and workforce expectations are evolving — so should banks.

    Traditional banks are already trying on a modern fit — experimenting with tech, balancing brick-and-click, rethinking talent, and making new power couple moves in partnerships.

    Two prime examples stood out last week: BNY takes the artificial intelligence route to improve its operations, and Citi continues to use workplace flexibility to navigate talent challenges. While these paths differ, they reflect a shared realization — adapt or risk becoming a museum exhibit.

    Graphic credits: Tearsheet

    BNY: Merging centuries of banking with AI innovation

    Established in 1784, BNY is America’s oldest bank, which has thrived for over two centuries. Yet, instead of clinging to its storied past, the institution is looking forward, betting big on AI as the key to its future.

    In a landmark deal, BNY has entered into a multiyear relationship with OpenAI, a decision that signals more than just technological adoption — it’s an illustration that even the most traditional players should innovate or risk being upstaged by a 25-year-old coder in a hoodie.

    The cornerstone of this AI-driven transformation is Eliza, BNY’s proprietary AI platform, launched in 2024. Initially conceived as an internal chatbot trained on the bank’s vast institutional knowledge, Eliza has evolved into a multifaceted AI tool that empowers employees to build AI-powered applications. More than 50% of the bank’s 52,000 employees actively engage with Eliza, using it for tasks ranging from lead generation to workflow optimization. By integrating OpenAI’s most advanced models launched this year, BNY is supercharging Eliza with next-gen capabilities. These include Deep Research, which can analyze vast amounts of online information to complete multistep research tasks, and Operator, an AI agent capable of browsing the web like a human.

    But why is BNY Mellon making this move now? Necessity. Competition. Strategic vision.

    • Necessity: AI adoption in banking is no longer optional. From compliance to risk management, the financial sector deals with high complexity. AI offers solutions to streamline operations, reduce inefficiencies, and facilitate decision-making. 
    • Competition: Fintech startups and tech giants like Google and Apple are poised to take over market share if they fall too far behind. To hold its ground, BNY likely needs a tech upgrade to offer more AI-driven services.
    • Strategic positioning: With banks emerging as some of the most active adopters of AI, BNY doesn’t want to be a bystander. Partnering with OpenAI gives it access to the latest underlying tech, positioning it as a strong player in the industry.

    However, this transformation is not without its challenges. Integrating advanced AI framework into a 240-year-old institution is like teaching your grandparents to use TikTok. Ensuring compliance with strict regulatory standards, managing the ethical implications of AI-driven decision-making, and upskilling employees to work effectively alongside AI are all significant hurdles. Moreover, cybersecurity remains a major concern — handling sensitive financial data requires strong protective measures to prevent breaches.

    Despite these challenges, BNY is forging ahead, not just out of necessity but out of the foresightedness that AI may likely be a big part of the future of banking. This puts other well-equipped banks on the spot — if the oldest bank in America can adapt, what excuse do the rest have?

    Citigroup’s Hybrid Bet: Why sticking to flexibility might just be its smartest move yet


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    Klarna and Chime eye IPOs in 2025 — But will the market play nice?

      Can fintech’s brightest stars shine on Wall Street?


      Klarna and Chime are finally ready to test the public markets, likely this year. The Swedish buy now, pay later (BNPL) firm and the US neobank have reportedly confidentially filed in late 2024 for IPOs, marking two of the most anticipated fintech public debuts in recent years.

      But with shifting market conditions, a new administration in the White House, and a mix of investor excitement and skepticism, these IPOs could either be fintech’s grand return to Wall Street — or another cautionary tale.

      The possibility of an IPO for Revolut and Stripe has also been brewing since 2023, but neither company is ready to seal the deal just yet.

      The case for going public

      For Klarna and Chime, the timing makes sense — at least on paper. Markets have started 2025 with a bullish streak, fueled by cooling inflation, a rebounding IPO pipeline, and a government that appears friendlier to fintech innovation. However, alongside that enthusiasm come fiercer competition and sharper investor scrutiny.

      After a turbulent couple of years, Klarna has been eyeing a public listing. Its valuation plummeted from a $46 billion peak in 2021 to around $6.7 billion in 2022 before rebounding to an estimated $15 billion. Going public could help Klarna raise fresh capital, expand further into the US, and compete more strongly with rivals like Affirm and Apple’s Pay Later service.

      As for Chime, with over 20 million customers, it is one of the biggest digital banking players in the US. However, it hasn’t raised funds since 2021, when it was valued at around $25 billion. A public listing could provide it with capital to fuel growth and potentially diversify beyond its core product offerings, which include a fee-free digital banking experience. 

      The aspirations and tactical execution

      The post-pandemic era has turned IPOs into a proving ground rather than a victory lap. Companies can no longer bank on hype alone — they need solid profitability, sustainable growth, and a narrative that withstands intense scrutiny. The Federal Reserve’s tighter monetary policies, global market volatility, and the shift from a liquidity-driven to a fundamentals-driven investment climate are creating higher entry barriers.

      Both Klarna and Chime will be entering a relatively less forgiving market and heightened investor concern than in 2021, a year that saw 61 fintech IPOs — far more than the 16 that have launched in the past three years combined.


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      Cupid’s Got a Ledger: Romance and rivalry in finance

        A Valentine’s Month take on banks and fintechs


        Last week, I teased a mystery topic, letting you stew in curiosity about what was coming. Well, the wait is over! Given that Valentine’s Day was just last Friday, I’m leaning toward a theme that fits the season: unions & collaborations.

        We often dive into stories of partnerships that start with fireworks and flawless roadmaps — only to crash and burn for one reason or another. But today, let’s moonwalk through this. Let’s talk about rivals who went from side-eyeing each other to shaking hands (at least in the business world).

        Take banks and fintechs, for example. Their early days were more ‘battle for dominance’ than ‘let’s work together’ — fintechs painted themselves as challengers, while banks saw them as pesky invaders. But time and market realities have a way of reshaping narratives.

        Now, banks and fintechs are increasingly recognizing their strengths. It’s a classic ‘you complete me’ scenario — if corporate romance were a thing.

        Graphic credits: Tearsheet

        But let’s hit rewind for a moment. How did these once-feuding forces go from wary opponents to strategic allies? And where do these kinds of relationships stand now?

        Let’s dig in.

        Block vs. J.P. Morgan Chase: From competition to cooperation

        J.P. Morgan Chase initially saw Square (now Block) as a major small-business payment competitor. In 2014, CEO Jamie Dimon famously warned that Silicon Valley was “coming to eat our lunch.” Square’s success with small business payments and its Cash App product placed it in direct competition with Chase’s merchant services.


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        Building the bridge between crypto and coffee shops: A chat with Mesh’s Bam Azizi

        crypto bam azizi

        The Tearsheet podcast often explores the intersection of financial services and technology. What makes this exploration unique is its focus on emerging trends, like the connection of the Web3 technologies of crypto and blockchain with the traditional finance ecosystem. Today, Bam Azizi, the co-founder and CEO of Mesh, joins me on the podcast.

        Founded in 2020, Mesh is an embedded financial platform designed to simplify crypto transactions by enabling real-time connectivity and asset transfers. Previously, Azizi co-founded the cybersecurity company, No Password. Azizi has a strong background in robotics and software engineering.

        He is now leading Mesh towards a future focused on tokenized assets.“Everything will be tokenized because it’s easier to transfer and build,” says Azizi. He emphasizes the importance of addressing market gaps. Mesh integrates exchanges and enables crypto payments.

        The Evolution of Crypto & Embedded Finance

        Embedded finance has emerged as a pivotal market structure in fintech. It allows financial services to be seamlessly integrated into non-financial platforms. Azizi sees Mesh as a connection aggregator, not a data aggregator. This sets it apart from competitors like Plaid. “Plaid is the right solution for traditional assets,” Azizi explains. “We are the right solution for the crypto industry.” Traditional platforms focus on aggregating banking data — Mesh enables transactional capabilities. This includes transferring assets between exchanges and using crypto for payments.

        Crypto Payments and Practical Use Cases

        Mesh’s offerings have evolved from enabling cryptocurrency deposits to powering crypto payments. Azizi describes the creation of MeshPay, which is a comprehensive solution that addresses the unique challenges of crypto payments within a commercial setting. “Imagine paying at a coffee shop with crypto through Apple Pay,” says Azizi. This vision stems from a real-world use case where a small business embedded Mesh to accept crypto as a payment method. For regions grappling with hyperinflation, functionality like this offers real practical advantages.

        Tokenized Assets: The Future of Finance

        Azizi strongly advocates adopting tokenized assets. He predicts that “everything will be tokenized” in the coming decade. Tokenization can simplify asset transfers, improving accessibility and mirroring the digitization wave of the past two decades. Azizi believes traditional processes are inefficient. He points to asset transfers between brokerage accounts as an example. These processes are often cumbersome. Tokenized systems promise to end these inefficiencies. They pave the way for streamlined financial operations.

        Challenges and Opportunities with Regulation

        Discussing regulatory frameworks, Azizi underscores the importance of clarity. “Healthy regulation benefits everyone,” he notes. Azizi emphasizes how clear guidelines could boost cryptocurrency adoption and innovation. Mesh’s non-custodial model aligns with the crypto community’s ethos of decentralization. It resonates with users who prioritize privacy and control over their assets.

        The Big Ideas

        1. Mesh bridges data aggregation with actionable connections. “We’re not just aggregating data; we’re enabling transactions,” Azizi explains. Mesh’s approach bridges the gap between traditional finance and the burgeoning crypto ecosystem.
        2. Embedded finance evolves alongside tokenized assets. Azizi predicts a shift where traditional and tokenized assets coexist. “Embedded finance must mirror this hybrid future,” he says.
        3. Mesh enables seamless crypto payments for everyday transactions. Azizi highlights MeshPay’s potential. He says, “Users can connect their Coinbase account and pay for things with crypto, just like using a credit card.”
        4. Clear regulations could unlock growth in crypto adoption. “We need clear regulations,” Azizi states. He believes that regulatory clarity will drive adoption, particularly among traditional financial institutions.
        5. Mesh focuses on privacy-focused, non-custodial solutions for crypto users. Reflecting on his experience with No Password, Azizi emphasizes, “We don’t store any user data.” This approach aligns with the decentralized ethos of crypto.

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        Web3 companies also need payroll: Franklin’s CEO Megan Knab explores blockchain’s role in financial tools

        crypto megan knab

        Franklin bridges the gap between Web3 and traditional finance, rethinking how businesses manage payroll and payments. Today’s podcast features Megan Knab, Franklin’s CEO. She shares insights into the transformative role of blockchain in financial operations. She has a vision: leveraging blockchain to modernize payroll and financial tools. Megan has a rich fintech background comprised of roles at Serotonin, DriveWealth, and Veriledger.

        As an accountant by trade, Megan is no stranger to navigating financial systems. She became passionate about blockchain in business school after discovering an accounting fraud at work. “Public blockchains,” she recalls, “have the power to create an open financial system.”  

        Megan founded Franklin two years ago to simplify financial operations for Web3 businesses. She focuses on making finance easier and more efficient. She notes, “Anyone who’s used payroll software in the last 10 years knows it can be an antiquated experience.” Franklin integrates both fiat and on-chain payment capabilities. This strategy allows it to operate in both Web3 and traditional finance. As a result, Franklin is carving out a unique niche in both areas.

        Crypto and financial tools  

        Megan highlights blockchain’s potential to enhance back-office operations for B2B organizations. She notes, “Stablecoins can leapfrog current payroll technologies by facilitating faster payments.” She also explains that blockchain’s immutability ensures greater accuracy in financial reporting. This also builds trust in the data. “By using public ledgers, businesses can reduce errors and streamline audits. This creates efficiencies that traditional systems struggle to match,” Megan adds.

        Blockchain’s ability to integrate with existing payment systems is driving innovation. This is creating new financial tools for modern business needs.

        Tax compliance and crypto  

        One of Franklin’s standout features is its focus on tax compliance. Megan explains, “We build tools that ensure every transaction adheres to federal and state regulations.”  She emphasizes that Franklin’s proactive approach simplifies navigating the regulatory maze. “With over 675 tax jurisdictions in the U.S., automation is critical for ensuring accurate reporting. And avoiding costly errors,” Megan notes. This commitment makes Franklin a trusted partner for businesses handling complex payroll systems.

        Decentralized finance for B2B

        Megan believes decentralized finance (DeFi) has practical use cases for businesses. ” We’re helping companies operate seamlessly in fiat and crypto. Whether it is multi-currency payroll or international remittances,” she says. 

        She also highlights the cost advantages of DeFi. “Businesses can reduce transaction fees and enhance payment speed. It does so by eliminating intermediaries. These are critical factors for today’s global operations,” Megan explains.

        Early Wage Access without loans

        Franklin’s approach to early wage access differs from traditional models. Megan critiques typical earned wage access programs as “modern payday lending”. She advocates for faster money movement using stablecoins instead. She adds, “Why burden employees with hidden loan agreements when we can facilitate instant payouts?” This method empowers workers and also minimizes administrative overhead for businesses. Franklin uses stablecoins to provide an alternative to outdated payroll systems. This creates more flexibility for both employers and employees.

        The Path Forward: Privacy and adoption of crypto

        For broader blockchain adoption, Megan identifies a need for privacy technologies. “Financial institutions will continue experimenting rather than integrating. This will happen until we address privacy concerns.” she asserts.

        She highlights solutions like zk-SNARKs as promising but notes their computational expense. “The key lies in enabling selective disclosure of transaction data. It includes ensuring both compliance and confidentiality,” Megan explains. She envisions a future where blockchain is a core part of financial infrastructure — not just an experiment. Advances in privacy tech can make this possible.

        The Big Ideas  

        1. Blockchain Drives Transparency and Efficiency. Megan states, “Public blockchains can create transparency in financial systems. But adoption in heavily regulated industries remains challenging.”

        2. Multi-Currency Payroll Is a Necessity for Modern Businesses. Franklin’s tools enable businesses to pay in both fiat and stablecoins. “This flexibility is crucial for modern, remote-first teams,” Megan explains.

        3. Tax Compliance Is Key to Crypto Adoption. “With over 675 tax jurisdictions in the U.S. alone,” Megan points out, “building a compliant payroll system is no small task, but it’s essential.”

        4. Faster Payroll Cycles Empower Both Employers and Employees. Megan challenges traditional pay cycles. She asks, “Why should employees give interest-free loans to their employers? Stablecoins offer a faster alternative.”

        5. Bridging Traditional Finance and Decentralized Systems Is the Real Opportunity. Megan underscores the importance of hybrid models. She says, “Real market potential lies in bridging traditional finance with decentralized systems.”

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